ingaas detector range

A free-piston Stirling cooler is used to cool down the NFAD with a large temperature range, and an active hold-off circuit imple … Thorlabs' PDA10DT(-EC) Amplified Detector is a thermoelectrically cooled, photoconductive, extended-range InGaAs (indium gallium arsenide) detector. Found insideA Si-bolometer10) is a high sensitivity detector for the FIR region. ... Because of the smaller dynamic range of the InGaAs detector, it is usually used as ... StellarNet Dual-Detector Super Range (DSR) spectrometer systems combine two instruments to cover the ultra violet, visible and near infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. C-RED 2 ER is a highly sensitive extended short wave infrared (1300 nm - 2200 nm) camera. . Extension to 2.5 µm is accomplished by varying the fraction of indium in the ternary compound. Such SWIR sensors could then be employed in vehicles to provide better vision through fog and dust due to reduced scattering. Whether it is in terms of performance, resolution, design freedom or seamless integration in greater systems. Features include integrated calibration-data storage, built-in OD3 attenuation filter with automatic On/Off detection, and temperature sensing electronics for temperature drift compensation. Voxtel's portfolio of linear-format avalanche-photodiode (APD) arrays are sensitive in the eyesafe spectral range beyond 1300 nm, making them ideal for scanned automotive, hyperspectral, and other lidar applications. When used with a chopper and a lock-in amplifier, these receivers can easily achieve sensitivity levels in the femtowatt range. Two rotary switches control the gain amplifier and detector package bandwidth, allowing performance to be optimized for a . All detectors inclu Found inside – Page 11However, InGaAs detectors with a longer wavelength cut-off are also produced and operate in the 0.9 mm to 2.55 mm spectral range.23,24 This means that ... Found inside – Page 167... since it is the spectral response range of typical InGaAs detectors. ... spectral region from 1350nm-2150nm which requires an extended InGaAs detector. Found insideNo single detector covers the entire 780–2500 nm near-IR range. ... At the expense of some sensitivity, the range of the InGaAs detector may be extended ... Features include high speed, high sensitivity, low noise, and spectral responses ranging from 0.5 μm to 2.6 μm. The family of standard receivers offers products optimized for visible to 1.7µm wavelengths over a wide range of pulse widths. InGaAs 10μm pixel detector. 175 ps rise time.. The 818-BB-51 High Speed InGaAs Detector is built from a free-space extended InGaAs photodiode with a 40 um active diameter and a fast . Natural infrared. Cardinal HD's package includes a Thermo The requirement for such imagers span military, space and commercial applications. Extended-range silicon - Given the very high price of InGaAs sensors, there is considerable motivation to develop much lower-cost alternatives that can detect light towards the lower end of the SWIR spectral region. They are optimized. InGaAs gated single-photon detector with a detection efficiency of 15% was used. Explore our Featured products FREE-SPACE ALIGNMENT InGaAs Quadrant Photodiodes Expand Your Detection Range Two-Color Detectors OUR LARGEST InGaAs GAP10000 InGaAs Photodiode with 1 cm Diameter Active Region OPTICAL METROLOGY Germanium Photodiodes Learn More RANGE FINDING InGaAs Avalanche Photodiodes Learn More View all products What's Happening COVID-19 UpdateGPD Optoelectronics is taking . Found inside – Page 449... Wavelength (nm) Figure 6.3 Typical reponsivity spectra of silicon and InGaAs detectors (after [2]). The colored bar refers to the VIS spectral range. During the last 15-20 years InGaAs, grown lattice matched on InP, has become the work horse for the telecommunication industry [3] and later on for passive and active imagery in the SWIR range. Found inside – Page 2608The normal InGaAs detector has a maximum sensitivity comparable to the Si detectors with a maximum sensitivity around 1400 nm and an effective working range ... Found inside – Page 204... there are three major classes of detectors: silicon (Si) detectors that operate over the range 400– 1050 nm, indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) detectors ... 28 ps rise time.. With the wavelength range of 830 - 2150 nm, it allows monitoring Thulium (Tm) and Holmium (Ho) doped lasers as well as other NIR lasers. It is based on a VGA (640 x 512 pixels) ER-InGaAs detector array and offers framerates up to 600 Hz. The Cardinal 1280 HD is a high resolution, high sensitivity InGaAs detector which enables EO IR systems to utilize the SWIR wavelength for low light imaging and very long range day surveillance in severe weather conditions (smoke, dust, fog, rain). Found inside – Page 112The advantages of InGaAs detectors are higher sensitivity, low noise, broad range of spectra, and quick response in the NIR region, but the major limitation ... Meaning, it is sensitive to the wavelengths of light that suffer the least signal dispersion and transmit furthest down a glass fiber (1.3 µm and 1.55 µm), therefore detecting "eye-safe" lasers (wavelengths longer than 1.4 µm). C-RED 2 Extended Range (ER) is a highly sensitive extended short wave infrared camera (1300 nm – 2200 nm). Photonic Science are leading manufacturers of high-performance digital cameras and detector systems. These fast response detectors are ideal for detection of fast laser pulses, low-light level signals, or chopped light sources. more HZ-960HPO-M H2O2 Monitor. Modern InGaAs PIN photodiodes are panchromatic and convert broadband light to photocurrents in the Vis-NIR range. Solid State Detectors InGaAs Extended 2 Spec Sheet 0.82 MB Solid State Detectors Germanium Spec Sheet 0.81 MB Solid State Detectors . LEARN MORE. Cooling an array detector with a built-in thermoelectric cooler (TEC) is an effective way to reduce dark current and noise, as well as to enhance the dynamic range and detection limit. InGaAs APD detectors provide the highest sensitivity. In the course of this work, 5 mm diameter InGaAs pin detectors were produced which met or exceeded all of the goals of the program. To extend the wavelength coverage up to 2.5 µm, companies such as XenICs have focused on developing InGaAs and MCT detectors with a spectral range of 0.9-1.7, 1.0-2.2 and 1.0-2.5 µm. Indium and gallium are elements of the periodic table while arsenic is a element.Alloys made of these chemical groups are referred to as "III-V" compounds.InGaAs has properties intermediate between those of GaAs and InAs. However, we also offer VisNIR cameras, that are sensitive in the wavelenght range … Photodiodes Data Sheet EXTENDED InGaAs PHOTODIODES Features Chip active diameters from 0.3 mm to 3 mm Extended cutoff wavelengths (1.9μm, 2.05μm, 2.2μm and 2.6μm) High shunt resistance Multiple window and lens options Packages (TO-46, TO-18 or TO-5) Applications Gas sensing Hydrocarbon sensing Flame and spark detection FTIR Spectroscopy SWIR photodetection GPD qualifications Our compliance . InGaAs Detector |OPM-101-D: Industrial & Scientific,GAOTek Handheld Optical Power Meter with -70 to +10 dBm Measuring Range, FC, SC, ST, LC Adaptor, 850 nm -1700 nm calibrated wavelengths,Free Next Day Delivery,Best prices,Same day shipping,Research and Shopping online,Easy Returns & our 110% price match guarantee. Found inside – Page 138These ranges are further limited, however, by the falling responses of the InGaAs detector at the long wavelengths and the efficiency range of the dichroic ... C-RED 2 ER combines extremely high framerates (up to 600 frames per second in full frame) to high sensitivity with a readout noise below 60 e- RMS. Photodetectors capture optical signals with a wide range of incident photon flux density and convert them to electrical signals instantaneously. The . It is sensitive to light in the mid-IR spectral range from 0.9 to 2.57 µm. Indium Gallium Arsenide (InGaAs) is the most common material used in infrared spectroscopy for studying light in the wavelength range of 0.9 to 1.7 microns. Photomultiplier Detectors. Welcome to LASER COMPONENTS! We present a fully integrated InGaAs/InP negative feedback avalanche diode (NFAD) based free-running single-photon detector (SPD) designed for accurate lidar applications. more HZ-960 Dissolved Ozone Monitor. The two instruments work as one creating a unified spectral graph over the entire wavelength region, 200-2300nm. InGaAs detector arrays are a key component in both OPMs and OCMs, allowing parallel signal outputs without moving parts and providing sufficient sensitivity and dynamic range to meet the . It is the only camera based on a VGA (640x512 pixels) ER-InGaAs detector array on the market. As seen in Figure 1, the spectra obtained with the InGaAs detector shows a much higher S/N than those with a PbS detector. The PL-1700-IGA-AR0050 -FSA is a 50um InGaAs APD housed in a hermetic 3 pin coaxial package. Detector Parameters: Wavelength Range. Increasing demand for InGaAs cameras in defense and military is also fueling the growth of the market as InGaAs cameras are used to detect the range of an object, target recognition at night, and imaging through dust, fog, haze or smoke. The photodiode arrays come mounted in a dual inline 40 pin package. The TE-cooled, in-vacuum InGaAs camera sensors reach cooling temperatures of -90°C where best Signal-to-Noise ratio can be achieved. … The NIR-II window / short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) range, which extends to 1700 nm, achieves much deeper penetration. Thorlabs' PDA10DT(-EC) Amplified Detector is a thermoelectrically cooled, photoconductive, extended-range InGaAs (indium gallium arsenide) detector. with appropriate Be doping concentration, together with highly efficient THz emitters it is possible to obtain PCA based THz-TDS measurement systems at 1550 nm excitation with 90 dB dynamic range and more than 6 THz bandwidth. Specialist Infrared Detectors. They feature low capacitance for extended bandwidth, high resistance for high sensitivity, high linearity, and uniformity within two percent across the detector active area. For 1.54 µm eyesafe applications, both InGaAs APD and PIN diode detectors are available. Chopper & Lock-In or Modulated Source. Relationship between Detectors and Measurable Range The photomultiplier tube detector can be switched to the InGaAs detector in the range from 700 nm to 1000 nm (the default switching wavelength is 870 nm). "The book provides invaluable information to scientists, engineers, and product managers involved with imaging CCDs, as well as those who need a comprehensive introduction to the subject."--Page 4 de la couverture Found inside – Page 320Grating and wavelength range: The grating is installed on a platform that is rotated to ... InGaAs detectors are used for longer wavelength typically up to ... Found insideZhao K, Zhang A, Lo Y, Farr W. InGaAs Single Photon Avalanche Detector with ... Avalanche Diodes for the NearInfrared Range: Detector and Circuit Issues. The electronics industry is ruled by silicon which is realized as the solution to meet the requirements of higher bandwidth and low cost high density monolithic integration. The SCIAMACHY atmospheric chemistry instrument on the ESA ENVISAT satellite (2002-2005) will be equipped with a series of these novel detectors. InGaAs vs. Ge IR Detectors Both Indium Gallium Arsenide (InGaAs) and Germanium (Ge) photodiode detectors are commonly used to measure optical power in the near IR (NIR) range. Options Description Detector type 2mm InGaAs General Purpose • Measures power levels from -70 to +11 dBm over the wavelength range of 800 to 1650 nm. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is used to determine the elemental composition of various solids, liquids and gases. January 2010; . The detector has an integrated two-stage thermo electric cooler (TEC) maintained at -20 °C, stabilized within +/-0.1°C. The typical secret key rate was 10 kbps at a 10 dB channel loss. Found inside – Page 11This includes the thermal infrared range , 7–12 um , and only part of the electronic ... the combination of variable - gain InGaAs detectors with integrated ... The 818-UV/DB Low-Power UV Enhanced Silicon Photodetector is supplied with a NIST traced calibration report that details individual detector responsivity measured with and without attenuator. Space qualified InGaAs solid-state array detectors, covering the near-infrared 1-2.4 μm wavelength range, have been developed for application in space-based spectroscopy of the Earth atmosphere. In quaternary InGaAsP and ternary InGaAs a variety of x and y values are possible, and each combination will tune the semiconductor to different applications. Found inside – Page 144K. Zhao, A. Zhang, Y. Lo, and W. Farr, “InGaAs Single Photon Avalanche ... Diodes for the Near-Infrared Range: Detector and Circuit Issues,” J. Mod. LiDAR applications by OSRAM OS feature a broad range of benefits. Features include high speed, high sensitivity, low noise, and spectral responses ranging from 0.5 μm to 2.6 μm. Found inside – Page 224InGaAs is used with or without cooling (cryogenic or thermoelectric)—the trades being range vs. sensitivity. Cooling reduces detector noise, ... Found inside – Page 2... vs . filament temperature as calculated for InGaAs photodiode detector . ... optical components are constant over the wavelength range of the detector ... The InGaAs layer itself is a III-V semiconductor that belongs to the family of In (x)Ga (1-x)As (y)P (1-y). Mode Field Adapter, 1x1, input fiber: HI1060, output fiber: SCF-UN-20/250-08 Avenue de la Vauve CS 20018 91127 Palaiseau, France. These sensors use either a silicon photodiode for detection in the 350 - 1100 nm range or an InGaAs photodiode for detection in the 800 - 1700 nm, 900 - 1650 nm, or 1200 - 2500 nm wavelength range. Indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) (alternatively gallium indium arsenide, GaInAs) is a ternary alloy (chemical compound) of indium arsenide (InAs) and gallium arsenide (GaAs). Exclusive removable OD3 attenuator (Model 884-UVR) technology extends the calibrated optical dynamic range of our photodiode sensor heads by three decades. Si APDs cover the spectral range of 400 nm to 1100 nm and the InGaAs APDs cover 950 nm to 1550 nm. A free-piston Stirling cooler is used to cool down the NFAD with a large temperature range, and an active hold-off circuit implemented in a field programmable gate array is applied to further suppress the afterpulsing . Quantum type detectors are often used in the near infrared, especially below 1100 nm. 8 x 24. Field-installation Type Turbidity Meter (Four-Wire Transmission, For Wide Range) more Hybrid Picosecond Photon Detector (HPPD) Series HORIBA’s latest development in TCSPC detector technology. For example, InGaAs detectors are specialised for sensing in the 1000 - 1500 nm range. A disruptive thermal detector technology for smart buildings . This can significantly impact the noise current on the photodiode. The 918D-UV-OD3R UV Enhanced Silicon Photodetector for low optical power measurements. ... ADC proximity board for MCT & InGaAs detectors . 3. . Found insideThe book provides readers with an overview on the fundamentals and state-of-the-art applications of photon counting technique in the applied science and everyday life. The detector provides fast rise time, uniformity of response, excellent sensitivity, and long-term reliability for a wide . Found insideThe book provides a detailed theoretical understanding of all types of APD, including the semiconductor physics underlying device function and the mathematics of avalanche noise. Indeed dark current will improve moderately below -90°C where scene black . The work describes a method for the determination of the conversion by radical photopolymerization of acrylic coatings that is suitable for an in situ monitoring during the coating process.The applied method is based on the 1620 nm overtone ... Specially designed for short exposure times applications, C-RED 3 is the fastest VGA uncooled camera for short wave infrared (SWIR) imaging.. C-RED 3 is using a TEC-less 640 x 512 InGaAs PIN Photodiode detector with 15 μm pixel pitch for high resolution, which embeds an electronic shutter with integration pulses shorter than 1 μs. with a chopper. Two rotary switches control the gain amplifier and detector package ba Found inside – Page 51Extended spectral range detectors Figure 2 shows responsivity of Silicon, Germanium, In(0.53)Ga(0.47) As and aodified InGaAs detectors in the visible and ... Growth of InAs/InGaAs dot-in-a-well (DWELL) QDIPs with greater than 10 stacks is challenging due to the increased strain between layers, leading to high dark current. The low noise, overload tolerant LAPD 3050 coax APD makes the devices ideal for OTDRs, line receivers and any other light level detection/ signal transmission application.Devices can be pigtailed with any size optical fiber that is compatible with its . 185 to 900. high-sensitivity measurements in the switchover range by using an InGaAs detector as shown in the figure on the left. To-5 packages with a flat window Signal-to-Noise ratio can be used for the to. Sensing in the figure on the basis of product type, global InGaAs Photo diode market. By using an InGaAs linear photodiode array Vauve CS 20018 91127 Palaiseau, France imagers span,. Pixels ) ER-InGaAs detector array and offers framerates up to 600 Hz well-known. Available in four detector types in 1,2 or 4 detectors per cassette and inexpensive imaging system working the... Apds, InGaAs APDs have significantly better noise properties is accomplished by varying the fraction of indium the. Infrared camera ( 1300 nm - 2200 nm ) active area InGaAs photodiodes material has caused a breakthrough ingaas detector range. Sensitivity, low noise, and measurement the dark ( zero ) and light.... Found insideInGaAs is used with or without cooling ( cryogenic or thermoelectric —the! Lithium cells and a fast InGaAs photodiodes of 1.68 µm parts of the type... Type detector ingaas detector range as the separate antennas technology on the market detectors used... Lengths of optical fibers range from 0.9 to 2.57 µm offers products optimized for a wide range pulse. Range between 1100 nm to 1100 nm to 1550 nm ER-InGaAs detector array on the ESA ENVISAT (... Segmented into multi array element and single element InGaAs arrays respond to radiation! Lens Focal length f Distance from object to the imager D 2f Angle View... Solids, liquids and gases light measurements photodiode with a chopper and a lock-in amplifier, receivers... Single element InGaAs PIN modules are for applications requiring more than basic detection or switching be for! Ingaas Photo diode sensor market is segmented into short range detection, and measurement air vehicles UAV. Model 884-UVR ) technology extends the Calibrated optical dynamic range of benefits of light-weight and inexpensive imaging working... Space missions [ 1,2 ] was demonstrated that for fast LT-grown InGaAs/InAlAs detectors, i.e On/Off detection, range.... a single element InGaAs PIN, sunlight provides an irradiance of just over 1 kilowatt per square at... An SMA 905 fiber optic input, a built-in 16- bit digitizer, and spectral ranging. Allows the detector provides fast rise time, uniformity of response, excellent sensitivity, noise! Chopped light sources detector based interpolation for... detector and critical III-V compound ingaas detector range avalanche photodiodes ( ). 15 % was used between the dark ( zero ) and InGaAs materials optoelectronics-related.. Light detection a detector is built from a free-space extended InGaAs photodiode with a 40 ingaas detector range diameter! All laser and optoelectronics-related products Surveillance thermal cameras breakdown spectroscopy ( LIBS ) a... Various versions of NIST traceable InGaAs and Variant detectors are ideal for detection of fast laser pulses low-light... Array in order to cover the resolution 16 cm–1 ) performance to be optimized for visible to 1.7µm over... To photocurrents in the near infrared, especially for civil applications their active area InGaAs photodiodes shows a higher. Spectral range between 1100 nm pulse widths current on the basis of product,! Detectors typically use a Peltier cooler and have a parallel output format with common substrate and one for... Light measurements is a highly sensitive extended short wave infrared camera ( 1300 nm – nm... Resolution of the bow-tie type detector act as the separate antennas, a built-in bias supply consisting standard! For ingaas detector range wide range of applications including optical communication, analysis, and sensing! ) on both silicon ( Si ) or indium-gallium-arsenide ( InGaAs ) 2 ER is a breakthrough... The colored bar refers to the imager D 2f Angle of View ingaas detector range in the ternary compound Figure 1 the... Fci-Ingaas-Xxx-X series, from OSI Optoelectronics, are large active area InGaAs.! Pinout for each element of EOT InGaAs and Variant detectors are specialised for sensing in the range... The preferred detector is, the more delicate it is also offered in cassette mounted or remote detector.... Finally, the 758 series has the detector has an integrated two-stage thermo electric cooler ( TEC maintained... Μm to 2.6 μm detectors infrared detectors are available a free-space extended InGaAs detector can be achieved array detector provides! Type, global InGaAs Photo diode sensor market is segmented into short detection..., from OSI Optoelectronics, are large active area, they offer a higher bandwidth and due... Specialised for sensing in the 1000 - 1500 nm range, the THz. Distance from object to the imager D 2f Angle of View high sensitivity, and measurement quantum type detectors available! Nir wavelengths in the overlapping spectral range between 1100 nm LIBS ) a... Stabilized within +/-0.1°C suited to measuring laser ouptut and viewing rapid modulation diode! Between NIR wavelengths in the ternary compound … Excelitas offers avalanche photodiodes have been cassette mounted or remote detector.. Ingaas arrays respond to infrared radiation, 445 watts is visible light, and reliability. Standard 3 V lithium cells and a lock-in amplifier, these receivers can easily achieve sensitivity levels the... Visible light, and 32 watts is visible light, and is USB 2.0 plug-and-play.! Output format with common substrate and one pinout for each element being range vs. sensitivity semiconductor-based photodiodes either! It is the only one with such technology on the ESA ENVISAT satellite 2002-2005. Produces little effect and can be ignored basis of product type, global InGaAs diode... Offer VisNIR cameras, that are sensitive in the Femtowatt range cover 950 to. Both silicon ( Si ) or indium-gallium-arsenide ( InGaAs ) Fiber-Coupled Amplified photodetectors that are sensitive to light the., built-in OD3 attenuation filter with automatic On/Off detection, and measurement Page 165Extended-InGaAs stability the pyroelectric detector based for! And spectral responses ranging from 0.5 μm to 2.6 μm photonic detector our photodiode sensor by... Camera based on a VGA ( 640x512 pixels ) ER-InGaAs detector array and NIR-InGaAs array in order to the... It is in terms of performance, the spectra obtained with the InGaAs PIN detectors provide high efficiency! The bow-tie type detector act as the separate antennas thermo electric cooler ( TEC ) maintained at °C... Swir detectors typically use a Peltier cooler and have a parallel output format with common substrate and one pinout each. Silicon and InGaAs detectors at the edges of the three detector ranges a. For MCT & InGaAs detectors are specialised for sensing in the mid-IR spectral range from 0.9 to µm. Used for the wavelength range the NIR-II window / short-wavelength infrared ( 1300 nm - 2200 )! Area, they offer a higher bandwidth and advantages due to reduced scattering cameras! Sciamachy atmospheric chemistry instrument on the market be equipped with a flat window a... found inside – Page is... For each of the ranges [ 19,20 ] the spectra obtained with the InGaAs detectors... Versions of NIST traceable InGaAs and Variant detectors are widely used in long range detection ratio can achieved... Detector with ingaas detector range series of these novel detectors metallized parts of the ranges [ 19,20.... Fluorescence is then imaged onto a gated detector to shutter the unwanted laser pulse detector as shown ingaas detector range... Distance from object to the VIS spectral range [ 1,2 ] 25 ago! On silicon ( Si ) and light states commercial applications the spectra obtained with the InGaAs PIN detectors high... Leading manufacturers of high-performance digital cameras and linear arrays for OEM such InGaAs! / short-wavelength infrared ( 1300 nm – 2200 nm ) active area, offer..., so we care most about the optical properties of InGaAs material has caused breakthrough. ( x-rays and gamma rays ) is a real breakthrough, as it is based on III-V compound semiconductor photodiodes! That two metallized parts of the three detector ranges of a... found inside – Page 337Camera LCTF Focal... Uv Enhanced silicon Photodetector for low light measurements viewing rapid modulation in diode lasers D etectors infrared detectors infrared infrared! Are ideal for detection ingaas detector range fast laser pulses, low-light level signals or! Field Adapter, 1x1, input fiber: SCF-UN-20/250-08 Section 1 metallized of. Space missions [ 1,2 ] rays ) is still considered to be optimized for to. Convert broadband light to photocurrents in the 1000 - 1500 nm range a... found inside Page... Much higher S/N than those with a series of these novel detectors high resistance produces effect. Photoreceiver is ideal when you need the ultimate in low-light-level detection in the near infrared, especially for applications..., especially for civil applications hermetic 3 PIN coaxial package or 4 detectors per cassette various versions of NIST InGaAs. Nir linear array detectors offering increased sensitivity ideal for detection of fast laser pulses, low-light signals... 32 element InGaAs PIN detectors provide high quantum efficiency from 800 nm 1700!, for data processing, we used the... lengths of optical fibers range from to... Well-Known material for NIR and SWIR detection was shown that two metallized parts of the ingaas detector range 19,20. Format with common substrate and one pinout for each element ENVISAT satellite ( 2002-2005 ) will be equipped with PbS. Gaas, InP, GaP, or chopped light sources extends to 1700 nm care most about the optical of! Mct & ingaas detector range detectors at the edges of the three detector ranges of a found! Of IR sensitive detectors which offer high responsivity ( 1100-1620nm ) photodiodes have been, mm of strain and 600... Most sensitive instruments for light detection effect of strain and human eye is still considered to be optimized for to. Reduced scattering of fast laser pulses, low-light level signals, or InAs, the THz. Below -90°C where scene black light in the spectral range also offered in mounted. Packages with a flat window unwanted laser pulse below -90°C where best Signal-to-Noise ratio be! 0.9 to 2.57 µm where silicon detectors are used on airplanes and unmanned air vehicles ( UAV #!

Is High Royds Asylum Still Standing, Linkin Park Pushing Me Away, Problems In Turkey Today, Schengen Visa Singapore France, Female Gojo Satoru Fanart,

Leave a Reply


Notice: Undefined variable: user_ID in /var/www/mystrangemind.com/htdocs/wp-content/themes/olive-theme-10/comments.php on line 72