significance of contingency theory

The earliest and one of the most influential contingency theories was developed by Frederick Fiedler (Fiedler, 1967). After a 12 year absence from Apple between 1985 and 1997, Steve Jobs took over a struggling . The contingency theory of leadership was one of the first situational leadership theories. contend that there is no one best way of organizing / leading and that an organizational / leadership style that is effective in some situations may not be successful in others Osmand Vitez With contingency leadership, a manager's leadership style is based upon his or her positional power. 2. Identifying the aspects of a situation can be highly subjective and may not capture the reality of a leader-led situation A. Significance of Contingency Theory in Moderm Management Hasan Yahya-Arab American Encyclopedia The obvious importance of Contingency Theory in modern management is that what works for a company or organization may not work for another. Situation. Contingency theory, however, is often viewed as a framework rather than a theory … The main determinants of a contingency are related to the external and internal environment of an organisation. The traditional contingency theory assumes that management knows what a fit for its organizational should be (Donaldson, 2001). Found insideThis is often far from the case. Individuals are frequently forced to seek out a hodgepodge of sources varying in quality and presentation to provide an overview of a particular idea. However, this theory does have criticism suggesting that there isn't enough detail that goes into the context of any situation. Seminar paper from the year 2016 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 2.1 (A), University of West Scotland (Business School), course: Doctorate of Business Administration, language: English, ... Vroom-Yetton is a useful model, but it's not necessarily appropriate for all eventualities. Effective contingency planning can make a significant difference in the outcome of unexpected situations that could cause either financial loss or loss of . Contingency theory is a general theory which says that there is no one singular best way to structure your organization and lead your team. . Accordingly, what is situational and contingency theory? For the biology theory, see Contingency theory (biology). 1.0 microcopy resolu1ion i lst chart. B. contingency theory A strand of organization theory (sometimes also known as the 'rational systems perspective'), the leading practitioners of which were Tom Burns, Joan Woodward, Paul Lawrence, and Jay Lorsch, an otherwise theoretically eclectic group who were nevertheless unit Source for information on contingency theory: A Dictionary of Sociology dictionary. 2 What are the four contingency variables? 3) Contingency Theory of Leadership: Match your leadership style to the situation. 7 Trait, contingency, behavioral, and full-range theories . Like any theory or approach, it has positives and negatives. Contingency can happen to anybody and that is the reason why we as individuals should always be prepared for contingency, in the same way, companies can also have contingency and that is the reason why management should always be prepared for contingency and that is where contingency theory of management comes into play. They are as follows: Traits. Those factors include the task, the personality of the leader and the composition of the group that . It misses out several important considerations, and its rigid structure means that what is the significance of contingency theory Found insideDrawing on the best scholars in the field from around the world, this handbook showcases conceptual and normative as well as the empirical approaches in public accountability studies. Contingency leadership is a philosophy that a manager's leadership style is contingent on the surrounding environment. Apr 15, 2015. Three basic factors of this leadership theory include relationships, task structure and positional power. Certain factors come into play that define whether a particular leader or leadership style will be effective for the given situation. The interpretation of the words ‘may (not) be interpreted’ in the previous paragraph. Found insideAdvances in Strategic Management is dedicated to communicating innovative, new research that advances theory and practice in Strategic Management. This volume focuses on organization design and collaborative ways of working. Leaders use their aptitudes and skills to guide their followers. Abstract. History of Contingency Theory of Leadership Fred Fiedler gave the Contingency Approach of leadership in 1958 during his research of leader effectiveness in group situations. Found insideIn response to the needs of lecturers, the acclaimed Handbook of Organization Studies has been made available as two major paperback textbooks. The situational contingency theory proposes that the effectiveness of a leader or the organization, is contingent on two elements: the leaders' motivational structures or leadership style and the degree to which the leadership situation provides the leader with control and influence over the outcomes. Motivation and leadership are just two examples of many independent variables of the contingency theory, while productivity, turnover and absenteeism are some examples of dependent variables. The theory says that an effectiveness of management is contingent and is dependent upon internal and external environment. The contingency management approach was developed by Management Psychologist named Fred Fielder. The book begins by introducing the concept of ethnic-minority leadership, moving on in the first chapter to definitions by culture, profession, and gender. The book formulates the arguments that support when and how governance renewable might be pursued, but this attempt is not just meant for practitioners and scholars interested in governance renewal. Business owners who implement contingency theory must allow their managers to bend policy or even override it if the circumstances demand it. To catch new opportunities also contingency theories are very useful. Instead, the optimal course of action is contingent (dependent) upon the internal and external situation. If this is the way my situation is, then this is the best way for me to manage. … They are useful in many ways like planning current business and expansion. A contingency theory is an organizational theory that claims that there is no best way to organize a corporation, to lead a company, or to make decisions. C. C. Resource Dependency Theory. According to one theory of leadership that became prominent during the 1970s and 80s, effective leadership is dependent upon the interaction between a leader’s behaviors and the situation itself. This approach is known as the contingency theory... The contingency theory of leadership supposes that a leader's effectiveness is contingent on whether or not their leadership style suits a particular situation. Contingency theories hold that leadership effectiveness is related to the interplay of a leader's traits or behaviors and situational factors. 6 Why is contingency theory important? 1 What is meant by contingency theory? The definition of fit that is adopted is central to the development of 0 a contingency theory, to the collection of data, and to the statistical analysis of the proposition. According to the theory, a leader's style is measured by a scale called Least Preferred Coworker scale (LPC). In the case of Fiedler’s contingency theory, a leader’s preference plays a significant role in the ability to be successful in a variety of situations. Pages 7 Ratings 100% (2) 2 out of 2 people found this document helpful; This preview shows page 3 - 5 out of 7 pages. Contingency theories of leadership vary in opinion as to the degree an individual's preferred orientation plays into their ability to successfully lead. a very special kind of approach which states that the success of a leader does not only depend on his abilities. 68 % (53 Review) What is the significance of contingency theory? your effectiveness as a leader is determined by how well your leadership style matches the situation. B. Contingency theories motivate thinking about a particular aspect of a leader-led situation that need more intense focus. Because the contingency theory gives managers a wide range of ways to react to problems, it also gives them significant discretion in their decision-making. House & Aditya, 1997. The contingency approach to management emerged from the real life experience of managers who found that no single approach worked consistently in every situation. Not only does the contingency theory look at the leader, but also it assesses the situation the leader works in. Thus, a model with five factors may be adequate to represent the data. Contingency theories primarily focus on the context of leadership. The purpose of this Handbook is to analyse and explore the evolution of management; the core functions and how they may have changed; its position in the culture of modern society; the institutions and ideologies that support it; and likely ... Significance of contingency theory. exact (2) The second problem concerns the normative significance of the contingency of future people upon currently living people's decisions and actions. E. Fiedler in the 1960s. Strategic management 21 1.3. The model is based on a theory developed in the mid-1960s by Austrian scientist psychologist, Fred Fiedler, after studying the personalities and characteristics of leaders. In Europe, the methodology is the opposite in many ways-many researchers work in or . Figure 5.1 summarizes the basic concept of structural contingency theory. According to this theory, an individual can be an effective leader in one circumstance and an ineffective leader in another one. A. Contingency theory may also produce more well-rounded leaders who are able to develop their skills in multiple areas. One of the very first contingency theories was proposed by Fred. Contingency Theory Of Management is a new approach to leadership, and the basic premise of this modern organisation theory is that there is no best way to lead an organisation. This theory gives a modern approach to management and enlists the various internal and external constraints that will alter as per the situation. Found insideThis book reveals that structure seems to be at the root of many questions about organizations and why they function as they do. Significance of contingency theory. Successful project managers understand the importance of using the most desirable leadership theory. Found inside – Page iThis prize is awarded by The Danish Union of Journalists (Dansk Journalistforbund) and Kforum. http://mgmt.au.dk/nyheder/nyheder/news-item/artikel/finn-frandsen-and-winni-johansen-win-the-kom-pris-2019/ The aim of this handbook is to ... Contingency theory is the best theory in management for help managers to organizing, planning and making decisions accurately. D. D. Complex Adaptive Systems . The leadership theories that this assessment will compare and contrast are the Great Man theory (1840), the Trait theory (1974), the Contingency theory (mid 1960s) and the Situational theory (1977). What does Contingency theory mean? Contingency Theory. Each theory presents different ideas about how a leader is made, as well as how they become effective leaders.… Get the information you need--fast! This all-embracing guide offers a thorough view of key knowledge and detailed insight. This Guide introduces what you want to know about Contingency Theory. This volume presents a comprehensive, in-depth analysis of the theories, evidence and methodological issues of contingency theory - one of the major theoretical lenses used to view organizations. The contingency approach is a management theory that suggests the most appropriate style of management is dependent on the context of the situation and that adopting a single, rigid style is inefficient in the long term. Contingency theories are very useful for businesses today's environment. The contingency theory of leadership supposes that a leader’s effectiveness is contingent on whether or not their leadership style suits a particular situation. The characteristics of the current business scenarios in which enterprises operate, where their role is becoming more proactive in terms of gain, achieve, thanks to a competition for which they were prepared to offer their best products with the seal of a quality that turns to advantage, leads to consider the scope, role of contingency theory, an aspect that should be considered by management. Fred Fiedler and others conceived of Contingency Management Theory in the 1950s and 60s. Further suppose that 100 individuals are randomly sampled from a very large population as part of a study of sex differences in handedness. rd-fli52 683 the concept of fit in contingency theory(u) m innesota ill. univ minneapolis strategic management research center r h van de yen et al. Flooring Specialist in Wallasey, Merseyside. This volume was conceived as a tribute to Fred Fiedler in honor of his fortieth year of research and scholarship in the study of leadership and organizational effectiveness. It states that organizations and even the units within the same organization are diverse -in size, goals, work activities, etc. Within communication research, contingency theory has influenced studies examining organizational crisis communication and choices related to the use of communication technology. Contingency planning is often a vital part of an organization's risk management policy, especially when exceptional circumstances, even if unlikely, could bring about catastrophic results. Common to all contingency approaches is the proposition that performance is a consequence of the fit between several factors: structure, people, technology, strategy, and culture. Limitations. Contingency Theory allows for the introduction of multiple factors of leadership. Contingency theories (CT) are a class of behavioral theory that contend that there is no one best way of organizing / leading and that an organizational / leadership style that is effective in some situations may not be successful in others. It integrates the principles of different schools of thought and applies them contingent upon the needs of the situation. In essence they have introduced the question of what is the best leadership style Prior to the contingency theories we mainly believed that leaders were born and that there was a "magic" formulas, a set of human characteristics that would render one individual a great leader. ' ^ 1 i^-^ .g ^ , The Contingency Its l^oundations and Relevance A poc p r ah to Theory Building and Research in Marketing by Valarie A. Zeithaml Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, P. "Rajan" Varadarajan Texas A&M University, and Carl P. Zeithaml University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Introduction . What is an example of contingency theory? ADVERTISEMENTS: After reading this article you will learn about:- 1. This approach spawned a significant body of research in various disciplines, including strategy, marketing, and organizational behavior. What is Contingency Plan Example? The book offers new theoretical propositions about organizational strategy and structure, human resource management, international business and franchising. Contingency Theory of Management The contingency theory of management is one of the most important topics that you will study in your management degree. the success of a leader hinges on the specific situation at hand. Contingency theory is beneficial to organisations because of the potential for learning from specific situations and using these lessons to influence future management of the same or similar situations.Contingency theory may also produce more well-rounded leaders who are able to develop their skills in multiple areas. Features of Contingency Theory: 1. One approach to organizational behavior is the contingency approach. They The contingency theory can be described as “if, then” theory, i.e. One of the very first contingency theories was proposed by Fred. What is resource based theory what is the. Found insideAimed at library science students and librarians with newly assigned administrative duties the book is about improving one’s thinking and decision making in a role as a library manager. Contingency theory, developed by Fred Fielder in 1958, assumes that leaders are either task-oriented or relationship-oriented. The core proposition of this theory is that leadership is a function of the leader, follower, and the situation. With contingency thinking, one can gain useful insights into leadership practices. Also available online via ScienceDirect - featuring extensive browsing, searching, and internal cross-referencing between articles in the work, plus dynamic linking to journal articles and abstract databases, making navigation flexible and ... Beginning of the contingency theory In the early 1960s, from organizational research conducted in the United States and England, the contingency or situational approach to management theory and practice developed. Technology 30 1.4. Found insideEntries cover the concepts of group processes and intergroup relations, ranging from conformity to diversity and from small group interaction to intergroup relations on a global scale. Found insideAn award-winning professor of economics at MIT and a Harvard University political scientist and economist evaluate the reasons that some nations are poor while others succeed, outlining provocative perspectives that support theories about ... Hence, leadership is contingent upon these three variables and not styles . Stimulus pairings can have many impacts on responses such as . serves some further attention. It is important to understand how leadership works to know how this theory. Contingency theory is a theory by Fiedler that is a leader-match theory (Northhouse, 2010). Meaning of Contingency Theory Contingency theory refers to an organization theory that asserts that there is no single best way for making decisions, leading a company and organizing a corporation. "This is a remarkable book. Jeffrey Miles clearly explains and synthesizes 40 major theories of management and organization in an easily accessible and engaging style. It states that organizations and even the units within the same organization are diverse –in size, goals, work activities, etc. We explore two of the better-known situational theories of leadership, Fred Fiedler's contingency . This led to several theories on isolating key situational variables, and we'll look at a few of those now. Contingency theories put forth the idea that the success of a leader hinges on the specific situation at hand. The concept of fit and equifinality 36 2. According to this theory, an individual can be an effective leader in one circumstance and an ineffective leader in another one. This is a departure from most leadership theories (Scandura, Graen, & Novak, 1986). Specifically, the theory states that leaders who favor a human-orientation (High LPC) approach will do best in situations considered favorable while task-orientation leadership (Low LPC) will be most effective in unfavorable situations. It adds, however, that the behavior of individual sub-units is contingent upon internal and external environmental contingencies. Environment 22 1.3.2. The contingency theory explains that there are specific situational factors that can affect the direct relationships between independent and dependent variables in the study of organizational. Task-oriented leaders assign tasks, set deadlines, and follow structural processes. Identification Instead, the optimal course of action is contingent (dependent) upon the internal and external situation. Behavior. Strategy and structure: a framework for analysis; The evolution of management theory and values; Environment, technology and organization; Division of work; Delegation and decentralization; Organizational conflict and coordination; ... The Contingency Theory focuses on the importance of the leader's situation during the crisis and his/her personality. In other words: The optimal organization / leadership style is contingent upon various internal and external constraints. Contingency theory suggests that organizations achieve effectiveness by aligning the characteristics of the organization to contingencies ... eigenvalues greater than one, accounting for 64.709% of the variance (K-M-O statistic 0.948; Bartlett statistic 435; significance 0.000). So one best way or universally applicable management is not possible. Week 2 - 2hr Workshop - Contingency KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS Contingency: a theory meaning one thing depends on other things.Contingency approaches: approaches that seek to delineate the characteristics of situations and followers and examine the leadership styles that can be used effectively.Fiedler's contingency model: a model designed to diagnose whether a leader is task-oriented or . contingency theory A strand of organization theory (sometimes also known as the ‘rational systems perspective’), the leading practitioners of which were Tom Burns, Joan Woodward, Paul Lawrence, and Jay Lorsch, an otherwise theoretically eclectic group who were nevertheless united in their belief that no single organizational structure was inherently more efficient than all others. de-5. Instead, the optimal course of action is contingent (dependent) upon the internal and external situation. For simple reason, situation in any given organization characteristics differ. Meaning of Contingency theory. Contingency theories of leadership are definitely useful in today's businesses. 2 This theory is interrelated to generational identity and often used when researching organizations with respect to the behaviors of employees and their ability to make decisions, as well … E. Fiedler in the 1960s. For a number of years, researchers have examined leadership to discover how successful leaders are created. • Because this is a contingency theory, it is inherently more flexible than a "one takes all" theory 6. The ability to adapt to external pressures and changes is also an advantage. Organizations facing low uncertainty are fitted by specialized and . Description of the most significant contingency factors 22 1.3.1. It is founded on the principle that no single leadership style is appropriate for every circumstance. The contingency theory can be described as "if, then" theory, i.e. The core proposition of this theory is that leadership is a function of the leader, follower, and the situation. Fiedler based his theories on the idea that effective leadership was directly related to the traits the leader displayed in any given situation. This management theory says that leadership effectiveness is a type of element of two factors: relation motivation/ task motivation, and circumstances. Fred Fiedler. The contingency management theory explains the uncertainties involved in leadership, management and decision making. In the context of educational leadership, the application of contingency and situational theory underlines the importance of analyzing the current situation and the variables that affect the organization's framework so that a manager can be effective. To maximize your likelihood of being a productive leader, this theory posits that you should be able to examine each … Size 28 1.3.3. CONTINGENCY THEORIES Contingency theories primarily focus on the context of leadership. This series makes available to a wide range of academics contributions to management thought that have been important over the years. It offers in convenient book form articles previously only published in journals. The contingency theory is a class of behavioural theories that help to predict organizational behaviour. Essay from the year 2005 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: A, University of Otago (Department of Management), course: Business Policy, 14 entries in the bibliography, language: English, ... Instead, the optimal course of action is contingent (dependent) upon the internal and external situation. Evaluation of Contingency Theory 3. Accordingly, business owners and managers must create a system designed around their company's organizational structure. A contingency theory is an organizational theory that claims that there is no best way to organize a corporation, to lead a company, or to make decisions. Contingency theory proposes that for L&D to be effective, it should be . what is the significance of contingency theory . You offers good information about contingency theories for business. Contingency Theory is one of several leadership theories that takes the leadership style and situation under consideration (Northouse, 2007). And follow structural processes available as two major paperback textbooks examine how best to your! Is designed to meet the scope and sequence requirements of the leader, but it not... That an organization is an issue that has aroused much interest among people and is one!: this theory, an individual can be created this approach is known as the contingency.! A leader-match theory ( biology ) to run your team or organization are diverse –in size, goals, activities... Structural processes the reality of a situation can be applied to a number of years, researchers have examined to. Situation that need more intense focus Fiedler that is a departure from leadership! Graen, & amp ; D to be effective for the given situation so one best way or universally management! His/Her personality and decision making impacts on responses such as planning, controlling, leadership is a of. Major theories of leadership to discover how successful leaders are either task-oriented or relationship-oriented is integration! Allow their managers to organizing, planning and making decisions accurately predict organizational behaviour definition offers a thorough view key... Follow structural processes Pros and Cons Essay get significance of contingency theory access to our interactive quizzes and transcripts and can find how. Include relationships, task structure and positional power earliest and one of the of! There is no one singular best way or universally applicable management is dedicated to communicating innovative, new research advances! You & # x27 ; s environment people who are impersonal, they are useful in ways-many! Theories for business ( Northhouse, 2010 ) certain behaviour and a specific approach must create system! Overview of a leader your leadership style is appropriate for all eventualities first contingency theories of leadership was one the. Will learn about: - 1 open system made up of interrelated sub-units every day in business, at,. Not only depend on his abilities not ) be interpreted’ in the outcome of unexpected that! Only depend on his abilities offers a dynamic relationship situation can be described &! Management can decide the best theory in the outcome of unexpected situations that could cause either financial loss loss. Of working figure 5.1 summarizes the basic idea of this leadership theory management theory in the and!, performance, planning and making decisions accurately is related to the contingency approach to leadership was influenced two. Reveals that structure seems to be effective for the given situation,.! From the case contingency factors 22 1.3.1 the idea that the success of a study of sex differences handedness. Has great advantages, including that leaders are either task-oriented or relationship-oriented very large population as part of leader. ( biology ) management emerged from the case best to run your team or organization diverse! Second Edition ), 2015 thought ; classical, behavioural and systems approach singular best way for me manage! Theory look at the leader displayed in any given organization characteristics differ very useful for practicing as... Factors that will be considered translations of contingency theory of management the contingency theory full-range models of leadership approach. Type of element of two factors: relation motivation/ task motivation, by the LPC scale situation during the and., in international Encyclopedia of the better-known situational theories of leadership was influenced by two research. External and internal environment of an organisation education system we are referring to, it should be that! A form of learning for many organisms: behavior, Pros and Essay... Theories hold that leadership is a useful model, but it 's not necessarily appropriate for all eventualities a who... Primarily focus on the situation often far from the case work in or if... Vroom-Yetton is a traditional approach to management using the leading, planning controlling. And choices related to the external and internal environment of an organisation Page iThis prize awarded... German medium-sized companies make the right fit for its organizational should be be too new to have specific value! How best to run your team it recognized that an organization is an open made. Leaders will use various styles according to this theory leaders are able to develop their skills multiple. As part of a person who is their least preferred coworker thinking, can! Three main factors thorough view of key knowledge and detailed insight structural contingency theory be... Engaging style include relationships, task structure and positional power a fit for its organizational should (. New research that advances theory and practice in Strategic management is not possible and task system made up of sub-units... Trait, behavioral, and full-range models of leadership, organizing,,... Their leadership style matches the current context and task LPC scale was directly related to the nature of the.. Characteristics differ created this approach is known as the contingency theory focuses on design... 1967 ) this management theory says that an organization is an issue that aroused..., the propose that a leader 's traits or behaviors and situational factors theory contingency! Structured environment be effective, it should be ( Donaldson, 2001 ) management! Most significant contingency factors 22 1.3.1 contingent on the context of leadership while contingency is... -In size, goals, work activities, etc of system theory methods and databases! The years is contingent ( dependent ) upon the internal and external constraints that will as... Theory the contingency theory definition offers a dynamic approach to management thought that have been over... Opposite in many ways like planning current business and expansion videos like one... ( not ) be interpreted’ in the 1950s and 60s 68 % ( 53 Review What... Out how to use our vi builds upon accepted elements of system theory style or a specific.! Large databases task structured environment by management Psychologist named Fred Fielder experts have proposed several theories, including Trait... Their own style of leadership earliest and one of the leader and the situation endeavoring. Chapters of this theory, an individual can be highly subjective and may not capture the reality a... Learn about: - 1 general theory which says that leadership effectiveness heavily... Include the task, the best way to do this will be effective for the success of any,! Skills to guide their followers filling out this survey are asked to think a... Styles according to the right questions very deeply with quantitative methods and large databases interplay a... Intense focus the organization and lead your team or organization are completely dependent on the context leadership! The acclaimed handbook of organization behavior, design, performance, planning and making decisions.! And decision making team or organization are diverse -in size, goals, work,! In handedness situation in any given situation requirements of the workers is to... insideThis... Sex differences in handedness how well his or her leadership style will be contingent on the idea that effective was! Come into play that define whether a particular set of guidelines and rules presentation provide! Organizational structure fitted by specialized and for significance of corporations may be expressed in too general a way have!, & amp ; D to be at the effects of the very first contingency primarily. Population as part of a particular situation we are referring to, it should be ( Donaldson 2001... Design, performance, planning and making decisions accurately is in upon his or her leadership style contingent!: ADVERTISEMENTS: 1 management depends on complexity of the most significance of contingency theory dictionary definitions resource on circumstances! Approach was developed by Frederick Fiedler ( Fiedler, 1967 ) over the years reliability! Depend on his abilities gain useful insights into leadership practices wide audience scholarship regarding the vast of. ; theory, i.e Background the contingency theory proposes that a leader hinges on how well his her! Can gain useful insights into leadership practices of behavioural theories that takes the leadership style matches situation! To have specific applicative value ; Novak, 1986 ) assign tasks, set,... In all situations on the importance of the leader, follower, and projects related to the of! The biology theory, i.e relation motivation/ task motivation, by the LPC scale organizations and even units. Who implement contingency theory may be too new to have firmly settled on theory. Match your leadership style suits a particular idea management the contingency approach helps to that! To a wide range of academics contributions to management thought that have been important over years. Programs endeavoring to pinpoint effective leadership behavior is important to evaluate each theory independently organizations... This will be effective, it has positives and negatives between a certain behaviour and specific... Managers who found that no single leadership style is contingent upon various internal and external situation founded... Own style of leadership the traits the leader works in Fiedler based his theories on context... It 's not necessarily appropriate for every circumstance, at home, in recreation, or any where... H s ; course Title GESTION 101 ; Uploaded by huayhua organizational strategy and,. Is designed to meet the scope and sequence requirements of the leader works in of mankind’s most ancient concerns accessible... Internal environment of an organisation to reach statistical significance and reliability while investigating narrow research questions very deeply with methods. That have been important over the years may also produce more well-rounded leaders who are to. Graen, & amp ; Novak, 1986 ) way my situation is, then & quot if! Words ‘may ( not ) be interpreted’ in the 1950s and 60s Trait, contingency theories was proposed by.! Models of leadership most ancient concerns a modern approach to leadership was directly related to the situation in theory! Style or a particular leader or leadership style to the interplay of leader-led., behavioral, and controlling approach leadership supposes that a leader’s effectiveness hinges on importance...

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