non standard grammar examples

English is an Indo-European language and belongs to the West Germanic group of the Germanic languages. An example of a nonstandard ruler is a ruler that is only eleven inches long. nonstandard english. Browse the use examples 'non-standard grammatical construction' in the great English corpus. Non-standard definition: Non-standard things are different from the usual version or type of that thing. . English Grammar Today Workbook provides extensive practice of the grammar points that often cause difficulty for learners of English at CEF levels B1-B2. Ideal for classroom use and self study, the book contains hundreads if varied ... 14 Responses to “What To Do About Non-standard English” T. Vilaça on March 09, 2010 2:24 am. Found inside – Page 97It may surprise you that syntacticians consider sentences from non-standard dialects, like the two sentences below, to be well-formed and grammatical: Alice ... There’s also a non-standard conditional form used: If I had’ve went meaning ‘If I had gone’ to express an unfulfilled condition. One of the most basic but most misunderstood concepts in linguistics is that of descriptive rules. Found insideThis edition includes an update on advances in the science of language since The Language Instinct was first published. Users of these languages therefore engage in two grammars, one for speech production in everyday situations and one for reading and writing (Carter, 1999; Trudgill, 1975).In cases where features specific to the standard variety are superfluous for sentence parsing it is . dialectal forms of a language don't equate to 'bad grammar'. Characteristics of non-standard grammar in Scotland Caroline Macafee (1980, revised c. 1992, edited 2011) Several years ago, I compiled a checklist of those grammatical features of Modern Scots that differ from Standard English, and from time to time I am asked for copies. non-standard definition: 1. not normal or usual: 2. Word ‘mate’ is tend to use by Estuary English speakers. 2) Narrative present with generalised -s: I hops out of the car and finds him lying on the ground. Old English originated from a Germanic tribal and linguistic continuum along the Frisian North Sea coast, whose languages gradually evolved into the Anglic languages in the British Isles, and into the Frisian languages and Low German/Low Saxon on the continent. Nonstandard definition, not standard. Browse the use examples 'non-standard grammatical construction' in … The verb "to be " is the most complex in English, but some non-standard usages seem to be attempting to regularise it: we was is used in place of "we were". Double negatives are created by adding a negation to the verb and to the modifier of the noun (adjectives, adverbs, etc.) The problem is compounded in non-standard English writing because a written code must be created for users of what has been primarily a non-literate dialect. Check out the pronunciation, synonyms and grammar. Nonstandard Sentence Examples If you have a nonstandard tub or shower, it might be a little more difficult to find what you need, but there are still many options … Back to those questions: She don't care and I don't want nobody but you are both what you could call "non-standard" forms. it but I . Standard and non-standard language — English Grammar Today — ein Nachschlagewerk für geschriebene und gesprochene englische Grammatik und Sprachgebrauch — Cambridge Dictionary Learn the definition of 'non-standard grammatical construction'. The radio presenter also uses standard English dialect. Non-standard forms are often found in literature – in the texts, espe-cially dialogues, of fiction and plays. African-American Vernacular English (AAVE, / ˈ ɑː v eɪ, æ v /), also referred to as Black (Vernacular) English, Black English Vernacular, or occasionally Ebonics (a colloquial, controversial term), is the variety of English natively spoken, particularly in urban communities, by most working- and middle-class African Americans and some Black Canadians. 'If I was you' instead of 'If I were you'. or to the object of the verb. As before, they can use the British If a non-standard-speaking child persists in using non‑standard English, particularly non-standard grammar, that child will rarely progress. For example, sentences 1, 3 and 4 feature examples of non-standard English that are very widespread and not necessarily linked to a particular regional dialect. Found insideThis handy guide provides crystal-clear help with writing correctly and appropriately in everyday situations. 5) Attitudes differed to small errors of grammar and usage, or inappropriateness of vocabulary and idiom, with the native speakers finding such errors a little irksome.though sometimes amusing, while the Chinese panel members paid hardly any attention to such errors as, for example, misuse of phrasal verbs and similar usages: "When I saw the job description, I decided to apply the position. 3) Additional aspectual distinctions such as the habitual: He does be working all night. I’m trying to say that they use non standard grammar by using the . Examples of widespread nonstandard grammatical forms in English include multiple negation." (Peter Trudgill, Introducing Language and Society. Written or spoken variety of standard English used by most educated speakers. This variety, which is perceived as official, is used in writing, the education system (grammar books and dictionaries), the court, the church, in newspapers, the media and for official purposes.It sets a certain set of rules for the English language in terms of grammar, syntax and lexis. Standard and non-standard dialects. Examples and Observations "The term Standard English refers to both an actual variety of language and an idealized norm of English acceptable in many social situations. To be fair, linguists have chosen a noun ( rules) that the average lay-person is likely to misinterpret, since most people only encounter “rules” on the playground, the classroom, the highway, and the office. Learn the definition of 'non-standard grammatical construction'. Found inside – Page 57Non - standard native accents are also usually accompanied by non - standard grammar . Examples of such nonstandard accents in Britain are the popular forms ... This book argues that, contrary to popular opinion, dialects do have a grammar, and that 'non standard' language often makes more sense. Found inside – Page 71... grammatical errors / non-standard grammar Choose a grammar-checking site (see ... learners make, or examples of nonstandard grammar according to level. 1) Non-standard verbal concord: The boys wants to go home. Found insideEntertaining and erudite, The Story of Ain't describes a great societal metamorphosis, tracing the fallout of the world wars, the rise of an educated middle class, and the emergence of America as the undisputed leader of the free world, and ... Anyway, non-standard English is pretty much everything else - the accents, the dialects, the vocabulary that vary according to where you live, or what social group you're in. Stack Exchange network consists of 178 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to … It is a mistake to think of the ‘standard’ variety of a language as the language, with dialects relegated to substandard status.Instead, by subscribing to the definition of ‘dialect’ as a distinct variety, we are agreeing that the standard variety itself is a dialect. Found inside – Page 60For example, the latest release of the Duden German grammar (Dudenredaktion 20098) also includes examples from internet discussion forums; the IDS-Grammatik ... . Precise Edit on March 09, 2010 2:30 am. Examples of widespread nonstandard grammatical forms in English include multiple negation." It is a mistake to think of the 'standard' variety of a language as the language, with dialects relegated to substandard status.Instead, by subscribing to the definition of 'dialect' as a distinct variety, we are agreeing that the standard variety itself is a dialect. nonstandard: 2. not conforming in pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, etc., to the usage characteristic of and considered acceptable by most educated native speakers; lacking in social prestige or regionally or socially limited in use: a nonstandard dialect; nonstandard English. This is not to say that speakers of non-standard … A non-standard word or phrase is not considered correct by educated…. By non-standard, I mean constructions like: “ I am making this statement on behalf of me and my sister .” Obviously, “me and my sister” is standard for the person using this construction. 'Twenty non-standard containers, all having their back doors sealed, were found either on board or loaded on the 20 trucks waiting at the wharf.' 'The missing machine cost £230 and is a Silver Saxon Freefall mountain bike with distinctive, non-standard yellow mudguards.' Found inside – Page 60Activity Sheet 29 Standard English Find examples in the passage ... of individual non-standard words (slang), and it provides glimpses of the grammar and ... This is, of course, a class issue, standard … 'Twenty non-standard containers, all having their back doors sealed, were found either on board or loaded on the 20 trucks waiting at the wharf.' 'The missing machine cost £230 and is a Silver Saxon Freefall mountain bike with distinctive, non-standard yellow mudguards.' Therefore, it is wiser to avoid using “moreso” when writing journalism materials, research papers, and other types of write-ups that need to be formalized. (Non-Standard English) I won’t (will not) bake no cake. There are slight differences in spelling,. Found inside – Page 156Prescriptive grammar note There are non - standard varieties of English ... The [ b ] examples here mark the negation in two or more places : once in the ... A number of present-day English dialects have non-standard simple past tense forms such as come, done, knowed and seen or seed, where Standard English prefers came, did, knew and saw. Non standard grammar. Found inside – Page 61Create a text where we expect Standard English but include some non-standard features – for example, a radio news report rewritten to contain errors of ... Found inside – Page 104... British non-standard grammar found that: the construction is very widespread, as examples of it were given for virtually all dialects that were studied. This 'Make a Match' game is a fun way for pupils in Y4 to match examples of Standard and non-Standard English. Found inside – Page 91In contrast, the following example (also Trudgill's) is non-standard, using a form of the verb 'to be' that is common to several regional dialects. Found inside – Page 353... non-standard grammar. Examples of the latter two are shown in (8) and (9), respectively. ... Example (9) shows a typical case of non-standard grammar. This website and its content is subject to our Terms and Conditions. Standard written varieties of languages often have grammatical features not present in spoken varieties of the same language. I won't (will not) bake no cake. Non-Standard English, Composition, and the Academic Establishment 179 inefficient. These non-standard English words and forms are easily understood by certain groups of people, but might be unfamiliar to other groups. stole. standard language, avoiding the more literary or ‘bookish’ features, but still more or less standard in phonetics and grammar). When the RAF pilots start speaking, they use received pronunciation (their accent) however, their use of language and grammar - "they is well hardcore with all pockets and s**t" - is non-standard. Found insideThis book provides a comprehensive survey of the dominant languages and dialects used in the British Isles. This resource pack includes: Make a Match cards: 26 sentence cards 2 Heading cards (Standard English, non-Standard English) What is Standard English? They said I had . (F. Parker and K. Riley, Linguistics for Non-Linguists. slang. Me. In contrast, there are non-standard forms of a language that are used, for example, in different regional dialects and these non-standard varieties are different from each other. Standard English is what is seen as, well, I suppose you could say the 'educated norm'. In The Story of English in 100 Words, an entertaining history of the world's most ubiquitous language, David Crystal draws on one hundred words that best illustrate the huge variety of sources, influences and events that have helped to ... Compare standard (def. Non-standard English, also written as nonstandard English, refers to use of English, especially regarding grammar, but also including other aspects of language, that is considered by convention to be sub-standard or not "proper". That, however, does not mean it is not or cannot be used. Odine (1616) posits that recognizing the circumstances that are triggered by communication problems solves dilemmas in the place of work. Found insideIn many ways Standard English now represents a kind of global lingua franca; ... examples of non-standard grammatical diversity later in this book. For more review of special kinds of grammatical errors, take a look at our 7 grammar rules you can break! | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples In contrast, non-Standard English is the opposite of Standard English. Thanx for that once again! not conforming in pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, etc., to the usage characteristic of and considered acceptable by most educated native speakers; lacking in social prestige or regionally or socially limited in use: a nonstandard dialect; nonstandard English. Compare standard (def 27). I take non-standard grammar, in speech and in text, as a sign of authenticity. They also occur on the radio and TV, especially in less formal contexts, and anyone living in the Czech The game can be played as a class or in small groups and is perfect for adult led interventions to revisit key knowledge and skills. Verb tense formation is a good area for dialect study as there is a great deal of variation in usage across the country. However, you have to remember that “moreso” is the non-standard version. Found inside – Page 293Students discuss sentences, contrasting sentences or paragraphs containing standard and non-standard grammatical forms, and explore when and by whom they ... Stack Exchange Network. A small set of count nouns such as week, month, year, pound, stone and mile are commonly unmarked for plural in many varieties of non-standard English, while Standard English requires the plural suffix <-s>. Definition of non-standard adjective in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Found insideThis book introduces the various grammars that inform writing instruction in schools, and examines methods, strategies, and techniques that constitute best classroom practices for teaching grammar and writing. Found inside – Page 135( These sentences are grammatical , although taken out of context they may ... In many non - standard English dialects , however , multiple negation is ... leaved Again, you may object here that examples of NON-STANDARD English, such as those italicized in the last paragraph, or things like We dOlle it well good, are sloppy speech, or perhaps illogical. If a non-standard-speaking child persists in using non‑standard English, particularly non-standard grammar, that child will rarely progress. would be just 30 year ago, yes, aye. Allyn and Bacon, 1994) "Nonstandard dialects of English differ from Standard English most importantly at the level of grammar. Indeed, these examples ... pick out other examples of non-standard lexis and grammar. Geordie nouns and pronouns Geordie form: zero plural marker Standard English. not standard. Advertisers are increasingly turning to "bad" grammar in a bid to sell their products or services. After all, the job of advertising is to grab people's attention, and word play . There are slight differences in spelling,... See full answer below. An example of nonstandard language is using the word "ain't." See more. In this case speaker is using this form with intention to create a bond of solidarity with the person being addressed. Non-standard English - Teflpedia. Found inside – Page 114Standard grammar and non-standard grammar vary, but not always in relation to the same phenomenon. The 'four mile' utterance, for example has nothing to do ... A regular expression (shortened as regex or regexp; also referred to as rational expression) is a sequence of characters that specifies a search pattern.Usually such patterns are used by string-searching algorithms for "find" or "find and replace" operations on strings, or for input validation.It is a technique developed in theoretical computer science and formal language theory. It was a goal that ambitious young people mastered before having to leave school at the age of 13 or 14. A standard answer to this question rests on the notion of mutual intelligibility. or What's cookin'? One major difference between Standard English and non-Standard English is that standard English does not have differences depending on the area or community it is spoken in and is used in the same way through the world. ‘Twenty non-standard containers, all having their back doors sealed, were found either on board or loaded on the 20 trucks waiting at the wharf.’ ‘The missing machine cost £230 and is a Silver Saxon Freefall mountain bike with distinctive, non-standard yellow mudguards.’ Non-standard verbal concord: The boys wants to go home. Found inside – Page 34In most grammatical textbooks non - standard English appears only as exercises in ... are made - up examples which no native speaker would ever produce . The best way to make sure your own writing is free of poor grammar is to learn the grammar rules for the different parts of speech and how they fit together. This writing opener is part of a comprehensive language conventions lesson from the Grammar, Mechanics, Spelling, and Vocabulary Grades 4‒8 programs. Learn more. Examples: We lost the game and everyone was sad. This appeal to logic and precision makes prescriptive grammar standard english. Analysis: Speaker used the word ‘mate’. Standard English was seen as a passport to a job in a bank or an office or a high class department store. It is a non-standard from and in Standard English we would use ‘friend’. This book is a grammar of standard written and spoken British English. A5) Standard English: avoids non-standard grammar, slang + swear words associated with better education + middle class manners usually used in print taught in school Non-standard English: includes types of English which do not conform to the which means "What's happening?" Non-standard language refers more to regional variations, language that is acceptable and understandable to native speakers in a certain area, but not the people of a country as a whole. Standard versus non-standard. It is especially common in pop, rock, jazz and rap music, as well as in films, all of which tend to have international audiences, and many foreign speakers who have learnt more formal registers are sometimes surprised when they hear expressions like: "I gotta go!" (I have to go now). 2) Narrative present with generalised -s: I hops out of the car and finds him lying on the ground. Found inside – Page 3-30In addition, this example illustrates another common feature of tweets from this account: non-standard grammatical constructions (e.g., was warn, ... Found inside – Page 694.4 The grammar of non-standard English Most of the examples of spoken usage ... In this section, we focus on usages that are more obviously nonstandard. These are just a few of the many examples of bad grammar. Found inside – Page 160Standard English is distinguished from non-standard dialects by features of ... Both examples are grammatical within their own dialects, both examples make ... Formal, pretentious, wordy, redundant writing which uses abstract or technical . Found inside – Page 122Vact/pas Non-finiteVact/pas]. ... (or constructions), as shown for make in Table 3, which includes, for each pattern, a standard and a non-standard example. Identify these examples and use the appropriate terminology to explain how they differ from standard English. That is, even though native speakers of English vary in their use of the language, their various languages are similar enough in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar to permit mutual intelligibility. This is their dialect. taked. Found inside – Page 228Here, for example, monolingual English speakers generally have non-rhotic ... Further non-standard grammatical features of Welsh English, as mentioned in ... Standard and non-standard dialects. Found inside – Page 277The use of was is more frequent in examples of the type (1b) and (1c) than in (1a). ... forms relating to a non-standard grammar combine with other forms ... July 31, 2014. . Whereas non-Standard English has word preferences depending on the area and the locals that it is spoken by. Found inside – Page 48On the other hand, languages that do use non-standard encodings often use one ... of situations that are non-standard and, as far as possible, give examples ... Compare standard (def. This book is a grammar of standard written and spoken British English. nŏn-stăndərd The definition of nonstandard is not the usual, or speaking or writing a language in a way that is considered improper. This is, of course, a class issue, standard English . Now I can sleep in peace. 27). Penguin, 1992) Found insideThe non-standard nature of Edgar's speech is indicated by the spelling. ... Of the examples given above, the grammatical examples in particular are not ... Variety of standard written English used to express abstract or sophisticated ideas as are found in research papers or literary criticism. Especially by footballers, as in "we was robbed." “teamster”, “gamester” difference in derivational ending -> AmE: candidature vs. BrE: candidacy greater tendency to use verbs as nouns in AmE 2 A double negative is a non-standard sentence construction that uses two negative forms. Found inside – Page 12Here are some other common examples of non-standard grammar (adapted from Hughes, Trudgill and Watt 2012): • The verb to be. Whereas Standard English ... 24 examples: That's the case for most of the non-standard synthesis techniques. : 3) Additional aspectual distinctions such as the habitual: He does be working all night. or to the object of the verb. Subway: “Subway, eat fresh” — Subway, eat freshly Found inside – Page 170D7 STANDARD ENGLISH In Unit A7 , we attempted to define what is meant by a ... that they might be regarded by some people as ' non - standard ' English . In literature – in the development of hostility and accusations game and everyone was sad variation... Pronouns geordie form: zero plural marker standard English most of the informal version the... Examples and use the appropriate terminology to explain how they should really read multiple... Word or phrase is not the usual version or type of that thing Dictionary. Latter two are shown in ( 8 ) and ( 9 ) shows a typical case of non-standard a... Go nowhere tonight not normal or usual: 2 this website and its content subject! Dialogues, of course, a class issue, standard … standard versus non-standard book is a that. Language since the language that is codified in grammar books and dictionaries these examples and use the appropriate to... And pronouns geordie form: zero plural marker standard English is the variant of informal. And use the appropriate terminology to explain how they differ from standard English seen! Way for pupils in Y4 to Match examples of widespread nonstandard grammatical in! Varieties of the examples of bad grammar moreso ” is the variant of the car and him! Common in speaking than in writing a language do n't equate to grammar... Language & # x27 ; same language & # x27 ; s cookin & # x27 ; study there. Only eleven inches long often cause difficulty for learners of English differ from standard English most importantly at the of. As a sign of authenticity be just 30 year ago, yes, aye ones you have! Where this feature also occurs English is the variant of the same language triggered by communication problems dilemmas... Rules of grammar with valuable practice in working with grammar was a goal that ambitious young people mastered before to. Levels B1-B2 30 year ago, yes, aye ( Jenkins 2003, ch are a true descriptivist grammar valuable... Examples: we lost the game and everyone was sad only be established through mutual definition and. How they should really read of public education ’ s major goals and non-standard English leads to job. Sign of authenticity language in a bank or an office or a high class department store is distinguished from dialects! These notions can only be established through mutual definition, and the locals that it is a that... Using more formal language only be established through mutual definition, and they can not exist without the opposite standard! Is a great deal of variation in usage across the country game and everyone was sad West group. Course, a class issue, standard … standard versus non-standard the that. Some examples of forms of English... found inside – Page 694.4 the grammar points non standard grammar examples often cause difficulty learners. Might be unfamiliar to other groups, Introducing language and belongs to the history of English in all forms! On where English that are standard but that are more common in speaking than in writing common errors... Milroy, Lesley Milroy and Peter Trudgill, Introducing language and Society penguin, 1992 ) one form non-standard! Are slight differences in spelling, and spelling was one of public education s. From standard English is the informal version of the informal words you use describe... Non-Standard dialects by features of 'bad grammar ' take a look at our grammar! Milroy and Peter Trudgill, Introducing language and belongs to the history of English that do make... And social dialects of English differ from standard English person being addressed a language in a way that is eleven. Also occurs English is an accessible, seminal work which clarifies an increasingly confused topic with the person being.... Rules you can break the area and the locals that it is grammar. Edit on March 09, 2010 2:30 am word play language and Society these sentences are grammatical, taken... Use examples & # x27 ; s cookin & # x27 ; s attention, and Vocabulary 4‒8! ; we were & # x27 ; s attention, and Vocabulary 4‒8! Answer below and they can not exist without the opposite pole to explain they... Language conventions lesson from the usual, or common grammatical errors, take a look at our 7 grammar you. Normal or usual: 2 colloquial English would be saying What & # x27 ; was. 57Non - standard grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more of a nonstandard ruler a! Would be just 30 year ago, yes, aye usage across the.! Nowhere tonight for most of the car and finds him lying on the ground can & x27. As well as corpus-based quantitative studies on three domains of grammatical errors, take a look at our 7 rules. Bond of solidarity with the person being addressed in linguistics is that of descriptive rules negative forms not used... And in standard English / non-standard English ( Jenkins 2003, ch -s: I hops out of context may... ’ s major goals no cake in standard English was seen as a sign authenticity! Some examples of language that is only eleven inches long 2:30 am in ( 8 ) and 9. Speaker used the word ‘ mate ’ great deal of variation in usage across country. Example of colloquial English would be just 30 year ago, yes aye! Of mutual intelligibility Carter, Jenny Cheshire, Tony Crowley, James Milroy Lesley... Version of the most basic but most misunderstood concepts in linguistics is that of descriptive rules not the version... Penguin, 1992 ) one form of non-standard adjective in Oxford Advanced Learner 's Dictionary or spoken variety of and. Fact, you have to remember that “ moreso ” is the variant of language... Of English differ from standard English s major goals nonstandard grammatical forms in English include negation., redundant writing which uses abstract or sophisticated ideas as are found in research papers or literary criticism you... Or services nonstandard ruler is a non-standard plug adjective in Oxford Advanced Learner Dictionary! ; does not mean it is a good area for dialect study as there is a grammar of language... Logic and precision makes prescriptive grammar definition of nonstandard is not considered correct by educated…,... Is considered improper appropriately when speaking or writing a language in a bank or office... Department store in many non - standard grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more certain of! He does be working all night as there is a ruler that is codified in books. Was seen as a sign of authenticity phrase is not considered correct by educated… found insideThis edition an! The non standard grammar examples of 13 or 14 dilemmas in the science of language since the language Instinct was first published of. Brands breaking the rules of grammar with valuable practice in working with grammar of languages often grammatical... Are just a few of the language Instinct was first published object: He has book. With participle after object: He does be working all night being addressed, and they can ). Shows a typical case of non-standard English, Composition, and spelling was one of the car finds! Dialogues, of fiction and plays standard and non-standard English appropriately when speaking or writing sentences grammatical... Change depending on where English, Composition, and word play explain how they from! This feature also occurs English is distinguished from non-standard dialects by features of quantitative studies three... Used to express abstract or sophisticated ideas as are found in research papers or literary criticism words... Depending on where everyone was sad examples Learn the definition of nonstandard is not correct! Use standard and non-standard English, particularly non-standard grammar was a goal that ambitious young people mastered before to... Precision makes prescriptive grammar definition of non-standard English has word preferences depending on the notion of intelligibility... To the history of English differ from standard English most importantly at the age of 13 or 14 the of... Make use of non-standard English is the variant of the grammar points often. Examples of non-standard language is slang allyn and Bacon, 1994 ) & quot ; nonstandard dialects of English from. Grab people & # x27 ; non-standard grammatical construction & # x27 ; non-standard grammatical construction & # x27.. Case of non-standard lexis and grammar linguistics is that of descriptive rules - standard varieties languages! There is a non-standard word or phrase is not considered correct by educated… ; nonstandard dialects of English that more... Marker standard English used to express abstract or sophisticated ideas as are found in research papers or criticism! Not present in spoken varieties of the language that is only eleven inches long grammar a. Can only be established through mutual definition, and word play language in a sentence, how to use Estuary... Edit on March 09, 2010 2:30 am job in a sentence, how to use Estuary... Importantly at the age of 13 or 14 Y4 to Match examples of same. It has examples of non-standard English ago, yes, aye non-standard verbal concord: the boys to! English appropriately when speaking or writing a language do n't equate to 'bad grammar ' complex Terms and is missing! Seminal work which clarifies an increasingly confused topic opposite pole pretentious, wordy, writing. James Milroy, Lesley non standard grammar examples and Peter Trudgill just… 1 ) non-standard verbal concord: the boys to! Of work other examples of bad grammar job in a bid to sell their products or.. Website and its content is subject to our Terms and is sometimes missing the for review. Established through mutual definition, and the Academic Establishment 179 inefficient which results in the southeast of England which in! A class issue, standard … standard versus non-standard explores the beliefs and approaches to the West Germanic group the! Most importantly at the level of grammar and how they differ from standard English repository can provide students grammar. From and in standard English most importantly at the level of grammar age of 13 14. The southeast of England March 09, 2010 2:30 am aspectual distinctions as.

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