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In the eye, the __________ humor is gelatinous. 3) Lacrimal sac e. Detectable odors are actually combinations of a smaller number of primary odors. The Peripheral Nervous System, Chapter 18. 6. perilymph of scala tympani -Tensor tympani muscle They are slow-adapting, unencapsulated nerve endings, and they respond to light touch. The receptive fields of Merkels disks are small, with well-defined borders. The sensory receptors in the skin are: Mechanoreceptors Ruffini's end organ (skin stretch) End-bulbs of Krause (Cold) Meissner's corpuscle (changes in texture, slow vibrations) Pacinian corpuscle (deep pressure, fast vibrations) Merkel's disc (sustained touch and pressure) Free nerve endings thermoreceptor nociceptors chemoreceptors The wild type (WT) is the phenotype of the typical form of a species as it . 1.2 Structural Organization of the Human Body, 2.1 Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter, 2.4 Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning, 2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning, 3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles, 4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects, 5.3 Functions of the Integumentary System, 5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System, 6.6 Exercise, Nutrition, Hormones, and Bone Tissue, 6.7 Calcium Homeostasis: Interactions of the Skeletal System and Other Organ Systems, 7.6 Embryonic Development of the Axial Skeleton, 8.5 Development of the Appendicular Skeleton, 10.3 Muscle Fiber Excitation, Contraction, and Relaxation, 10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension, 10.8 Development and Regeneration of Muscle Tissue, 11.1 Describe the roles of agonists, antagonists and synergists, 11.2 Explain the organization of muscle fascicles and their role in generating force, 11.3 Explain the criteria used to name skeletal muscles, 11.4 Axial Muscles of the Head Neck and Back, 11.5 Axial muscles of the abdominal wall and thorax, 11.6 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs, 11.7 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs, 12.1 Structure and Function of the Nervous System, 13.4 Relationship of the PNS to the Spinal Cord of the CNS, 13.6 Testing the Spinal Nerves (Sensory and Motor Exams), 14.2 Blood Flow the meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid Production and Circulation, 16.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System, 16.4 Drugs that Affect the Autonomic System, 17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus, 17.10 Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions, 17.11 Development and Aging of the Endocrine System, 19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity, 20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels, 20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance, 20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System, 20.6 Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation, 21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems, 21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response, 21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types, 21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies, 21.5 The Immune Response against Pathogens, 21.6 Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses, 21.7 Transplantation and Cancer Immunology, 22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System, 22.6 Modifications in Respiratory Functions, 22.7 Embryonic Development of the Respiratory System, 23.2 Digestive System Processes and Regulation, 23.5 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder, 23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look, 25.1 Internal and External Anatomy of the Kidney, 25.2 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney: Anatomy of the Nephron, 25.3 Physiology of Urine Formation: Overview, 25.4 Physiology of Urine Formation: Glomerular Filtration, 25.5 Physiology of Urine Formation: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion, 25.6 Physiology of Urine Formation: Medullary Concentration Gradient, 25.7 Physiology of Urine Formation: Regulation of Fluid Volume and Composition, 27.3 Physiology of the Female Sexual System, 27.4 Physiology of the Male Sexual System, 28.4 Maternal Changes During Pregnancy, Labor, and Birth, 28.5 Adjustments of the Infant at Birth and Postnatal Stages. * nicotine. The Chemical Level of Organization, Chapter 3. BIOL237 Class Notes - The Senses - University of New Mexico d. Cochlea These graded potentialscause neurotransmitter to be released onto a sensory neuron causing a graded post-synaptic potential. Another way that receptors can be classified is based on their location relative to the stimuli. detect vibration, deep touch. - They are immobile. Pacinian corpuscles; a large, encapsulated tactile receptor that detects deep pressure and high-frequency vibration. Meissner corpuscles are dendrites encapsulated in connective tissue and respond to changes in texture and slow vibrations. These receptors include Meissner's corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, Merkel's disks, and Ruffini corpuscles. These receptors respond to changes and stimuli in the environment. An individual sensory modality represents the sensation of a specific type of stimulus. a) Vibration. - Eustachian tube 3. perilymph of scala vestibule Pacinian corpuscles, located deep in the dermis of both glabrous and hairy skin, are structurally similar to Meissners corpuscles. 5. What type of receptors detect deep pressure and vibration? a. medial geniculate nucleus. The chemical senses include taste and smell. Chapter 19 - Senses: General and Special Flashcards | Quizlet 5 - A pressure wave in the endolymph of the cochlear duct displaces a specific region of the basilar membrane. - Utricle. f - Superior olivary nucleus Drag and drop the labels into the appropriate location on the figure. b) Heat. This spasm is a reflex that is initiated by stretch receptors to avoid muscle tearing. - Filiform Glutamate inhibits the bipolar cells that synapse with the rods. We will discuss the special senses, which include smell, taste, vision, hearing and the vestibular system, in chapter 15. What is commonly referred to as "touch" involves more than one kind of stimulus and more than one kind of receptor. 1. What are the sense receptors for each of the 5 senses? Pacini corpuscles are found in both glabrous and hairy skin. The lacrimal caruncle is on the __________ side of the eye. b. tympanic membrane. Cornea, aqueous humor, sclera, iris, lens, choroid, ciliary body, vitreous humor. - DARK 1 - Sound waves make the tympanic membrane vibrate. Treated with concave lens. Transparent: Nearsightedness disorder in which the cornea and lens are too powerful or the eyeball is too long. They are found primarily in the glabrous skin on the fingertips and eyelids. * saccharine, EXs associated w/ what taste sensation? Summarize Rutherfords model of the atom, and explain how he developed this model based on the results of his famous gold-foil experiment. Physiology, Sensory System - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf Meissners corpuscles respond to touch and low-frequency vibration. What is the function of the auditory ossicles? Other transmembrane proteins, which are not accurately called receptors, are sensitive to mechanical or thermal changes. Tags: Question 21 . The foot plate is part of the c. thermoreceptor. which is activated in the two-point discrimination test, employs several types of receptors. 2) Lacrimal canaliculus __________ receptors lose sensitivity over time. g - Medial geniculate nucleus. Did you have an idea for improving this content? We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. a. hair cells covered by an otolithic membrane The types of nerve endings, their locations, and the stimuli they transduce are presented in the table below. c. incus. b. Mechanoreceptors - Introduction to Sensation and Perception In proprioception, proprioceptive and kinesthetic signals travel through myelinated afferent neurons running from the spinal cord to the medulla. *Saccule The bipolar cells do not stimulate the ganglion cells. b. 7. basilar membrane Thus, they also contribute to proprioception and kinesthesia. Bulbous corpuscles are also present in joint capsules, where they measure stretch in the components of the skeletal system within the joint. The Slowly Adapting type 2 (SA2) mechanoreceptors, with the Ruffini corpuscle end-organ (also known as the bulbous corpuscles ), detect tension deep in the skin and fascia and respond to skin stretch, but have not been closely linked to either proprioceptive or mechanoreceptive roles in perception. Mechanoreceptors in the skin are described as encapsulated or unencapsulated. a. After turning on a bright light in a previously dark room, it is difficult to see for a brief time. Introduction To Health Care, 3rd Edition [PDF] [5fc2k72emue0] Spinal nerves have mixed populations of fibers; some are motor fibers and some are sensory. Thermoreceptors are sensitive to temperature changes, and photoreceptors are sensitive to light energy. 7. basilar membrane, What ion is responsible for depolarization of hair cells of the spiral organ? Fill in the blanks. *Stapes 4) Bipolar cells. 3. What is another name for the cochlear duct? d. Astigmatism, What may be the cause of hyperopia? Legal. Types of Sensory Receptors and the Sensory Stimuli They Detect What is the magnitude of the block's acceleration vector? What structure makes up the posterior portion of the fibrous tunic? Can a mri detect a blood clot? 6 - Scala vestibuli Because of this, it will decrease the ability of other stimuli to elicit pain sensations through the activated nociceptor. Stretching of the skin is transduced by stretch receptors known as bulbous corpuscles. * acids Merkels disks, which are unencapsulated, respond to light touch. Merkels disks are densely distributed in the fingertips and lips. Pacinian corpuscles detect rapid vibrations (about 200-300 Hz). View ANAPHY SPECIAL SENSE NOTES.docx from NUR 123 at University of Manila. SURVEY . What are receptors that detect changes in pressure? 4. endolymph of cochlear duct From the soft touch of the child to the painful punch of a boxer, all the daily activities carry . There are three classes of mechanoreceptors: tactile, proprioceptors, and baroreceptors. d. Dopamine, a. hair cells covered by an otolithic membrane, When you travel in an elevator (which moves linearly in space), the ___________ detect when the elevator is accelerating or decelerating. 13.1 Sensory Receptors - Anatomy & Physiology 3. 6. perilymph of scala tympani Brain Sciences | Free Full-Text | An Efficient Framework to Detect A general sense is one that is distributed throughout the body and has receptor cells within the structures of other organs. This occurs when a stimulus is detected by a receptor which generates a graded potential in a sensory neuron. Through which cranial nerves does gustatory information travel? what type of receptors detect deep pressure and vibration? Human Anatomy & Physiology 2 [Ch. 16: Special Senses] Can cbc detect viral or bacterial infection? - JacAnswers The sensory receptors of the inner ear for equilibrium are Somatosensation is also known as tactile sense, or more familiarly, as the sense of touch. This allows sodium ions to flow into the cell, creating a receptor potential. The pathways between sensory receptors and SI are modality specific and are anatomically and electrophysiologically distinct. -Choroid Meissner corpuscles are the mechanoreceptorslocated in the dermis that detect deep pressure and stretch. c. Visceral sensory neurons travel along the same pathway as many somatic sensory neurons. 30 seconds . * H+, EXs associated w/ what taste sensation? -Highly concentrated in and around the macula : Inner ear Receptors for general senses are usually ____. General senses often contribute to the sense of touch, as described above, or to proprioception (body position) and kinesthesia (body movement), or to a visceral sense, which is most important to autonomic functions. Indicate whether the given structure is located in the outer, middle, or inner ear. Use the function with the points (1.5, 3), (9, 10.5), Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis or superficial fascia): Not part of the integumentary system. During hearing, the structure(s) first to vibrate is/are the Both primary somatosensory cortex and secondary cortical areas are responsible for processing the complex picture of stimuli transmitted from the interplay of mechanoreceptors. The bipolar cells do not stimulate the ganglion cells. of the following EXCEPT a the sensation of pain b. the sensation of itch c the sensation of touch d the sensation of vibration 28. The Nervous System and Nervous Tissue, Chapter 13. What type of papillae is the largest and least numerous? Stimuli are of three general types. EXs associated w/ what taste sensation? Merkel's disk are slow-adapting, unencapsulated nerve endings that respond to light touch; they are present in the upper layers of skin that has hair or is glabrous. Humans can perceive various types of sensations, and with this information, our motor movement is determined. Respond to deep and continuous pressure k. Muscle spindles i. Proprioceptors that Detect muscle stretch and initiate a reflex that resists the stretch l. Tendon organs i. Proprioceptors located in tendons that detect stretch m. Joint kinesthetic i. A third classification of receptors is by how the receptor transduces stimuli into membrane potential changes. There are multiple types of mechanoreceptors in the skin that are activated by different types of touch stimuli The receptive field size differs among the types of mechanoreceptors The adaptation rate differs among the types of mechanoreceptors Receptive field is a region of skin that activate a given mechanoreceptor Meissner's corpuscles respond to pressure and lower frequency vibrations, and Pacinian corpuscles detect transient pressure and higher frequency vibrations. They are found in the bone periosteum, joint capsules, pancreas and other viscera, breast, and genitals. Such low frequency vibrations are sensed by mechanoreceptors called Merkel cells, also known as type I cutaneous mechanoreceptors. 49th Annual Meeting of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Dermatologische Another physical stimulus that has its own type of receptor is temperature, which is sensed through a thermoreceptor that is either sensitive to temperatures above (heat) or below (cold) normal body temperature. Several distinct receptor types form the somatosensory system including thermoreceptors (heat), nociceptors (pain), and mechanoreceptors (pressure). what is the order that sounds travels in the inner ear? What are receptors that detect changes in pressure? - Heimduo Some hair receptors also detect skin deflection, and certain rapidly adapting hair receptors allow detection of stimuli that have not yet touched the skin. For humans, the only electromagnetic energy that is perceived by our eyes is visible light. A part of the auditory pathway responsible for auditory reflexes is the - Touching a hot pan. Meissners corpuscles, (shown in Figure3) also known as tactile corpuscles, are found in the upper dermis, but they project into the epidermis. A tactile sensory receptorcan be defined as the peripheral ending of a sensory neuron and its accessory structures, which may be part of the nerve cell or may come from epithelial or connective tissue. ____ Current evidence suggests that endothermy evolved at least four times. Thus, they also contribute to proprioception and kinesthesia. True or False: The primary purpose of the eyebrows is to keep sweat out of the eyes. The central integration may then lead to a motor response. Ruffini endings are encapsulated mechanoreceptors. -Cornea The subject reports if they feel one point or two points. b. Pigmented layer of retina b. Incus Solve a concrete slab is reinforced by 16mm16 -\mathrm{mm}16mm-diameter steel rods placed on 180mm180-\mathrm{mm}180mm centers as shown. If the two points are felt as one point, it can be inferred that the two points are both in the receptive field of a single sensory receptor. Trans-retinal disassociates from opsin and opsin becomes activated d. Lacrimal punctum What was the author's purpose? Deep pressure and vibration is transduced by lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles, which are receptors with encapsulated endings found deep in the dermis, or subcutaneous tissue. The receptors of most sensory systems are located in specialized sensory receptor organs (e.g., the photoreceptors in the eye and the auditory and vestibular hair cells in the inner ear) or within a restricted part of the body (e.g., the taste buds in the mouth and the olfactory receptors in the olfactory mucosa of the nose). Hearing and balance are also sensed by mechanoreceptors. Cis-retinal is transformed to trans-retinal Changes in the external and internal environment are called: Order these structures in the order that the tears travel through them/, 1) Lacrimal puncta Many of the somatosensory receptors are located in the skin, but receptors are also found in muscles, tendons, joint capsules and ligaments. Which of the following are semicircular canals? Pacinian corpuscles (seen in Figure4) are located deep in the dermis of both glabrous and hairy skin and are structurally similar to Meissners corpuscles; they are found in the bone periosteum, joint capsules, pancreas and other viscera, breast, and genitals. (Note that the special senses are all primarily part of the somatic nervous system in that they are consciously perceived through cerebral processes, though some special senses contribute to autonomic function). b. Acetylcholine 3) Horizontal cells Rapidly adapting light-touch receptors Located in superficial dermis Pacinian corpuscles: Detect deep pressure and vibration Located in deep dermis Epidermis Derived from ectoderm Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium 4 or 5 main layers: Stratum basale (stratum germinativum): Deepest layer Germinating layer Ch 16 Assignment - SET DEFINITIONS FIRST Flashcards | Quizlet The four major types of tactile mechanoreceptors include: Merkel's disks, Meissner's corpuscles, Ruffini endings, and Pacinian corpuscles. The pain and temperature receptors in the dermis of the skin are examples of neurons that have free nerve endings. *Vestibular e. stapes. The epidermis serves as a barrier to water and to invasion by pathogens. If so, what is the minimum speed? d. the ability to determine how close or far away an object is. c. Tympanic membrane Sensory receptors are classified into five categories: mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, proprioceptors, pain receptors, and chemoreceptors. Ribosome profiling can therefore detect drug-induced translational readthrough (DITR) events at premature termination codons (PTCs) as a consequence of a nonsense mutation in the . f. Round window Olfactory glands are also known as _________ glands. b. somatic sensory receptor. If the volcanic rocks were launched at an angle of 4040^{\circ}40 with respect to the horizontal and landed 900m900 \mathrm{~m}900m below the crater, (a) what would be their initial velocity and (b) what is their time of flight? 5 - Oval window Define all quantities needed. Oval window. deep pressure and vibration: lamellar (Pacinian) corpus- cles, in reticular layer. What is the receptor of deep pressure? d. Axons of glanglion cells from the retina of the left eye, Which disorder of refraction is corrected with a concave lens? They involve special tiny organs. Free nerve endings are terminal branches of: What type of phasic receptors detect light touch, shapes, textures? This redesigned and updated new edition offers a comprehensive introductory survey of basic clinical health care skills for learners entering health care programs or for those that think they may be interested in pursuing a career in health care. They are slow-adapting, unencapsulated nerve endings, which respond to light touch. has no output arguments. Which mechanoreceptors detect deep pressure? - Answers These receptors are the main sensory cells in the tactile system. Mechanoreceptors in the skin, muscles, or the walls of blood vessels are examples of this type. Tags: Question 22 . What is the receptor of deep pressure? - AnswersAll Pressure, vibration, muscle stretch, and the movement of hair by an external stimulus, are all sensed by mechanoreceptors and perceived as touch or proprioception. What type of receptors detects pressure? - Sage-Answer Anatomy & Physiology by Lindsay M. Biga, Sierra Dawson, Amy Harwell, Robin Hopkins, Joel Kaufmann, Mike LeMaster, Philip Matern, Katie Morrison-Graham, Devon Quick & Jon Runyeon is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. -Sclera f. Superior colliculus Compute the work done by the air. A fifth type of mechanoreceptor, Krause end bulbs, are found only in specialized regions. Within the realm of physiology, senses can be classified as either general or special. The bulbous corpuscles (also known as Ruffini endings) detect tension deep in the skin and fascia. Trans-retinal is reconverted to cis-retinal Brain Sciences | Free Full-Text | Qualitative Evaluation of Action potentials are transmitted out of the optic nerve. Active Journals Find a Journal Proceedings Series. - LIGHT. what type of receptors detect deep pressure and vibration? Deep pressure and vibration is transduced by lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles, which are receptors with encapsulated endings found deep in the dermis, or subcutaneous tissue. For example, the sensation of pain or heat associated with spicy foods involves capsaicin, the active molecule in hot peppers. - Semicircular canals As tears drain through the lacrimal caruncle they enter small holes called the lacrimal __________. Meissners corpuscles, also known as tactile corpuscles, are found in the upper dermis, but they project into the epidermis. Ruffini endings also detect warmth. with the x and y coordinates of the vertices, respectively. a. medial geniculate nucleus. Muscle spindles are stretch receptors that detect the amount of stretch, or lengthening of muscles. Somatosensory Receptors | Biology for Majors II - Lumen Learning c. Central artery and vein b. binocular vision. [2] As the number of cycles per second increases, the sound we perceive f. Nasolacrimal duct. Somatosensation is the group of sensory modalities that are associated with touch and limb position. 1) Fibrous tunic Localization and sensitivity are easily determined in a __________ receptive field. Tympanic membrane Which auditory ossicle contacts the oval window? Click and drag the structures involved in the auditory projection pathway to the correct item shown in the figure. Different types of stimuli from varying sources are received and changed into the electrochemical signals of the nervous system. 6. c. It opens Na+ channels. The receptive fields of Merkels disks are small with well-defined borders. : Inner: Free nerve endings are sensitive to painful stimuli, to hot and cold, and to light touch. Begins in the oval window e. Lateral geniculate nucleus These include receptors for taste and smell as well as visceral receptors that are sensitive to changes in the plasma level of O 2, pH, and osmolality. Chemoreceptors respond to chemical stimuli and are the basis for olfaction and gustation. These injuries may result from sports or recreational activities, motor vehicle crashes, falls, physical assaults, and gunshot wounds. . Mechanoreceptors are part of the nervous system that detect changes in movement or pressure. Such stretch receptors can also prevent over-contraction of a muscle. Treated with convex lens. Activated rhodopsin inhibits the production of glutamate by rods. The cells that are photoreceptors (detect color) are ________. Which of the following structures contain exteroceptors? Electrical sensors and stimulators can help quadriplegic victims flex their limbs. Sensory Receptors: Types, Characteristics and Examples - BYJUS Prove the given statement. c. Stapes An Introduction to the Human Body, Chapter 2. Note that these warmth detectors are situated deeper in the skin than are the cold detectors. Ruffini's end organs detect tension deep in the skin. Vibrations in the perilymph move the: a. tympanic membrane b. basilar membrane c. tectorial membrane d. stapes; What type of stimulus is detected by the sensory receptors of the skin? d. Fibers of the cochlear nerve These categories are based on the nature of stimuli each receptor class transduces. Like Merkels disks, Meissners corpuscles are not as plentiful in the palms as they are in the fingertips. What lobe of the brain processes auditory information? These categories are based on the nature of stimuli each receptor class transduces. They are found in both glabrous and hairy skin. d. Reduced lens flexibility, Photoreceptors in the retina of the eye detect changes in light intensity and wavelength. 2. b. spiral organ. b. the choroid is slow to absorb the extra light. c. vestibule Which structure is filled with pigment from melanocytes? b. Pinna c. broad and deep. Other stimuli include the electromagnetic radiation from visible light. Hearing and balance are also sensed by mechanoreceptors. What does the molecular similarity of stevia to glucose mean for the gustatory sense. 4. The . The general senses also include the visceral senses, which are separate from the somatic nervous system function in that they do not normally rise to the level of conscious perception. Which type of receptors do not exhibit adaptation? a. Incus However, these are not all of the senses. The modulus of elasticity is 20GPa20 \mathrm{~GPa}20GPa for the concrete and 200GPa200 \mathrm{~GPa}200GPa for the steel. Aqueous humor is secreted into the __________ chamber before traveling to the __________ chamber of the eye. Can an ultrasound detect placental . They respond to fine touch and pressure, but they also respond to low-frequency vibration or flutter. Finally, vision involves the activation of photoreceptors. It dissociates rhodopsin and changes 11-cis-retinal to all-trans-retinal. Classify the given terms or examples with the appropriate category. Each year in the United States, 10,000 new cases of spinal cord injury are reported. c. Cl- - Basal cells. We tend to classify receptors according to the location or origin of the stimulus: Exteroceptorsrespond to stimuli from outside the body - vision, sound, touch, smell, temperature, pain etc. d. K+, What neurotransmitter is released from depolarized hair cells to stimulate fibers of the vestibulocochlear nerve? The large mechanoreceptorsPacinian corpuscles and Ruffini endingsare located in the lower layers and respond to deeper touch. 2. 2 - Auditory canal In this chapter we will discuss the general senses which include pain, temperature, touch, pressure, vibration and proprioception. Cutaneous receptor - Wikipedia : *Stapes *Tensor tympani muscle middle Structures apart of inner, middle, or outer ear? Which of the following is a location where Krause bulbs are located? In this paper, an acoustic radiation force-optical coherence elastography (ARF-OCE) system was proposed to evaluate LVC by measuring the residual stromal bed (RSB) elasticity, because it is directly relevant to the RSB . Pacinian corpuscles, such as these visualized using bright field light microscopy, detect pressure (touch) and high-frequency vibration. d. the lens is slow to accommodate. How can a person perceive over 4,000 different odors? Pacinian corpuscles are rapidly adapting receptors that detect gross pressure changes and vibrations in the skin. : c. A short eyeball Merkel cells function as type 1 mechano-receptors and can sense light touches. a. Semicircular canal Recall that the epidermis is the outermost layer of skin in mammals. 2 - Sound waves are amplified due to movement by the auditory ossicles. Which terms indicate a receptor type that is classified by its modality of stimulus? -Anterior two-thirds of the tongue

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